This February 2021 article by Tom Boyce, Pat Levitt, Fernando Martinez, Bruce McEwen and Jack Shonkoff article in the journal Pediatrics is one of two companion pieces.  The article uses a gene-environment-time framework to look at the roles of genetic variation, environmental context, and developmental timing as they relate to the biology of adversity and resilience.  The authors identify 4 core concepts to help catalyze fresh thinking about primary care for infants and children.

Read the free article at the American Academy of Pediatrics.